Classes and objects are the foundation of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
They help you structure your code in a clean, reusable, and organized way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A class is a blueprint or template used to create objects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It defines:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Car:
pass<\/pre>\n\n\n\nThis is a simple class named
Car<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nWHAT IS AN OBJECT?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
An object is an instance of a class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It represents a real-world entity created from a class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Car:
passcar1 = Car()
print(type(car1))<\/pre>\n\n\n\nHere,
car1<\/code> is an object of theCar<\/code> class.<\/p>\n\n\n\nCLASS WITH ATTRIBUTES (USING CONSTRUCTOR)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The constructor method
__init__()<\/code> initializes object data.<\/p>\n\n\n\nclass Car:
def __init__(self, brand, color):
self.brand = brand
self.color = colorcar1 = Car(\"Toyota\", \"White\")
print(car1.brand)
print(car1.color)<\/pre>\n\n\n\nExplanation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
__init__<\/code> runs automatically when object is created<\/li>\n\n\n\nself<\/code> refers to the current object<\/li>\n\n\n\nbrand<\/code> andcolor<\/code> are attributes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nCLASS WITH METHODS<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Methods are functions defined inside a class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Car:
def __init__(self, brand):
self.brand = brand def start(self):
print(self.brand, \"car is starting.\")car1 = Car(\"Honda\")
car1.start()<\/pre>\n\n\n\nHere:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
start()<\/code> is a method<\/li>\n\n\n\n- It uses object data<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
MULTIPLE OBJECTS<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
You can create many objects from one class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
car1 = Car(\"Toyota\")
car2 = Car(\"BMW\")car1.start()
car2.start()<\/pre>\n\n\n\nEach object has its own data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
REAL-WORLD ANALOGY<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Class = Blueprint of a house
Object = Actual house built from that blueprint<\/p>\n\n\n\nClass = Student
Objects = Hira, Ali, Ahmed<\/p>\n\n\n\nKEY DIFFERENCE<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Class<\/th> Object<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> Blueprint<\/td> Instance<\/td><\/tr> Defined once<\/td> Created multiple times<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n WHY USE CLASSES AND OBJECTS?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 Organize large programs
\u2022 Make reusable code
\u2022 Model real-world systems
\u2022 Improve maintainability<\/p>\n\n\n\nKEY TAKEAWAY<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
A class defines structure and behavior.
An object is a real instance created from that class.<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding classes and objects is the first major step in mastering OOP in Python.<\/p>\n\n\n