Polymorphism is one of the core principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The word Polymorphism<\/em> means \u201cmany forms.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n In programming, polymorphism allows the same method or function name to behave differently depending on the object that is using it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In simple words: Different data types can use the same function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n The A child class can change the behavior of a parent class method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Even without inheritance, different classes can have the same method name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n This is called Duck Typing<\/strong> in Python.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If it behaves like a duck, Python treats it like a duck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Polymorphism allows one interface to be used for different data types or objects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It helps make programs flexible, reusable, and easy to extend in Object-Oriented Programming.<\/p>\n\n\n
One name \u2192 Multiple behaviors<\/p>\n\n\n\nWhy Polymorphism is Important<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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1. Polymorphism with Functions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
print(len(\"Hira\"))
print(len([1, 2, 3, 4]))<\/pre>\n\n\n\n4
4<\/pre>\n\n\n\nlen()<\/code> function works with strings and lists, but behaves according to the data type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Polymorphism with Method Overriding (Inheritance)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
class Animal:
def sound(self):
print(\"Some sound\")class Dog(Animal):
def sound(self):
print(\"Bark\")class Cat(Animal):
def sound(self):
print(\"Meow\")d = Dog()
c = Cat()d.sound()
c.sound()<\/pre>\n\n\n\nBark
Meow<\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
sound()<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n3. Polymorphism Using Same Method Name in Different Classes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
class Bird:
def move(self):
print(\"Flying\")class Fish:
def move(self):
print(\"Swimming\")b = Bird()
f = Fish()b.move()
f.move()<\/pre>\n\n\n\nFlying
Swimming<\/pre>\n\n\n\nTypes of Polymorphism in Python<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Achieved through method overloading
(Python does not support traditional overloading, but default arguments can simulate it)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Achieved through method overriding<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\nExample of Simulated Method Overloading<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
class Math:
def add(self, a, b=0):
return a + bm = Math()
print(m.add(5))
print(m.add(5, 3))<\/pre>\n\n\n\nKey Takeaway<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n