Magic Methods are special methods in Python that start and end with double underscores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
They are also called Dunder Methods (Double Under methods).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Example: These methods are automatically called by Python in special situations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Called automatically when an object is created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Defines what is printed when you print the object.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Without Allows object to work with Allows objects to use Defines behavior for Magic Methods allow you to customize how objects behave with built-in Python operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n They make classes powerful, flexible, and fully integrated with Python\u2019s built-in features.<\/p>\n\n\n__init__<\/code>, __str__<\/code>, __len__<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\nWhy Magic Methods are Important<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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1.
__init__()<\/code> \u2013 Constructor<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nclass Student:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = names1 = Student(\"Hira\")<\/pre>\n\n\n\n2.
__str__()<\/code> \u2013 String Representation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nclass Student:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name def __str__(self):
return f\"Student Name: {self.name}\"s1 = Student(\"Hira\")
print(s1)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n__str__()<\/code>, Python prints the memory location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n3.
__len__()<\/code> \u2013 Length Function<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nlen()<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nclass MyList:
def __init__(self, items):
self.items = items def __len__(self):
return len(self.items)obj = MyList([1, 2, 3])
print(len(obj))<\/pre>\n\n\n\n4.
__add__()<\/code> \u2013 Operator Overloading<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n+<\/code> operator.<\/p>\n\n\n\nclass Number:
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value def __add__(self, other):
return Number(self.value + other.value)n1 = Number(10)
n2 = Number(5)result = n1 + n2
print(result.value)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n5.
__eq__()<\/code> \u2013 Equality Comparison<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n==<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nclass Student:
def __init__(self, marks):
self.marks = marks def __eq__(self, other):
return self.marks == other.markss1 = Student(90)
s2 = Student(90)print(s1 == s2)<\/pre>\n\n\n\nCommonly Used Magic Methods<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
__init__()<\/code> \u2013 Constructor__str__()<\/code> \u2013 String display__repr__()<\/code> \u2013 Official representation__len__()<\/code> \u2013 Length__add__()<\/code> \u2013 Addition__sub__()<\/code> \u2013 Subtraction__mul__()<\/code> \u2013 Multiplication__eq__()<\/code> \u2013 Equality check<\/p>\n\n\n\nKey Points<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Key Takeaway<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n