Multiple Inheritance is a feature in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) where a child class inherits from more than one parent class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In simple words:
One child class \u2192 Multiple parent classes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Parent1:
passclass Parent2:
passclass Child(Parent1, Parent2):
pass<\/pre>\n\n\n\nThe child class can access methods and variables from both parent classes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Simple Example<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
class Father:
def skill1(self):
print(\"Gardening\")class Mother:
def skill2(self):
print(\"Cooking\")class Child(Father, Mother):
def skill3(self):
print(\"Programming\")c = Child()c.skill1()
c.skill2()
c.skill3()<\/pre>\n\n\n\nOutput:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gardening
Cooking
Programming<\/pre>\n\n\n\nHere:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
Child<\/code> inherits from bothFather<\/code> andMother<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n- It can use methods from both classes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Constructor in Multiple Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
If both parent classes have constructors:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Father:
def __init__(self):
print(\"Father Constructor\")class Mother:
def __init__(self):
print(\"Mother Constructor\")class Child(Father, Mother):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()c = Child()<\/pre>\n\n\n\nPython follows something called MRO (Method Resolution Order)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Method Resolution Order (MRO)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
MRO decides the order in which Python searches for methods in multiple inheritance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
You can check it using:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
print(Child.__mro__)<\/pre>\n\n\n\nPython searches from left to right in the inheritance list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In this case:
Child \u2192 Father \u2192 Mother \u2192 object<\/p>\n\n\n\nDiamond Problem<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The diamond problem occurs when:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
- Two parent classes inherit from the same base class<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- A child class inherits from both of them<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Python solves this using MRO (C3 Linearization).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class A:
def show(self):
print(\"Class A\")class B(A):
passclass C(A):
passclass D(B, C):
passd = D()
d.show()<\/pre>\n\n\n\nPython ensures
A<\/code> is only called once.<\/p>\n\n\n\nKey Points<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
- A class can inherit from multiple classes<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Order of parents matters<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Python uses MRO to resolve conflicts<\/li>\n\n\n\n
super()<\/code> works with MRO<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nWhen to Use Multiple Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
- When combining independent features<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- When designing mixin classes<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- When behavior needs to be shared from multiple sources<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Key Takeaway<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Multiple Inheritance allows a class to inherit from more than one parent class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Python handles complexity using Method Resolution Order, making multiple inheritance powerful and manageable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/strong><\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n