{"id":116,"date":"2026-03-06T09:36:19","date_gmt":"2026-03-06T09:36:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gigz.pk\/sql\/?post_type=lesson&#038;p=116"},"modified":"2026-03-16T18:55:39","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T18:55:39","slug":"commit-rollback","status":"publish","type":"lesson","link":"https:\/\/gigz.pk\/sql\/lesson\/commit-rollback\/","title":{"rendered":"COMMIT &amp; ROLLBACK"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">n databases, <strong>transactions<\/strong> are sequences of operations performed as a single unit. Managing transactions ensures that data remains consistent, even when multiple operations are performed. Two key commands for controlling transactions are <strong>COMMIT<\/strong> and <strong>ROLLBACK<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">COMMIT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>COMMIT<\/strong> is used to save all changes made during the current transaction permanently to the database. Once a COMMIT is executed, the changes cannot be undone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Example Usage<\/strong>:<br>If you insert a new record into a table and execute COMMIT, the new record is permanently saved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Syntax<\/strong>:<br><code>COMMIT;<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key Points<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Makes all changes permanent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ends the current transaction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cannot be undone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ROLLBACK<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ROLLBACK<\/strong> is used to undo changes made during the current transaction. It restores the database to the state it was in before the transaction started.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Example Usage<\/strong>:<br>If you accidentally update multiple records incorrectly, executing ROLLBACK will revert all those updates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Syntax<\/strong>:<br><code>ROLLBACK;<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key Points<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Undoes changes in the current transaction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Useful for correcting mistakes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Does not affect previous committed transactions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Transaction Example<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Start a transaction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Insert a new record.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Update some existing records.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Decide whether to save changes or discard them:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If everything is correct, execute <strong>COMMIT<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If there is an error, execute <strong>ROLLBACK<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Best Practices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Always use transactions for critical operations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>COMMIT only after verifying that all operations are correct.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use ROLLBACK to safely handle errors or incorrect updates.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"yoast-breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/gigz.pk\/sql\/\">Home<\/a><\/span> \u00bb <span class=\"breadcrumb_last\" aria-current=\"page\">Learn Advanced SQL &#038; Database Engineering (SQL-301) > Transactions &#038; Concurrency > COMMIT &#038; ROLLBACK<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1773601399943\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"menu_order":61,"template":"","class_list":["post-116","lesson","type-lesson","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>COMMIT &amp; ROLLBACK - SQL Learning Hub<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"&quot;Learn SQL transaction management with COMMIT and ROLLBACK to save or undo changes and keep your database consistent.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gigz.pk\/sql\/lesson\/commit-rollback\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"COMMIT &amp; 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